Realism

The second half of 19th century was known as the positive age. A new age of development even in the art world.
Realism was usually done in dull colors and done with brushes of diffrent sizes and shapes in a swift brush movements of strokes. Realism was a new truth to painting showing people as the really where in life.

Romanticism

Beginning in the last decades of the 18th century, it transformed poetry, the novel, drama, painting, sculpture, all forms of concert music (especially opera), and ballet. It was deeply connected with the politics of the time, echoing people's fears, hopes, and aspirations. It was the voice of revolution at the beginning of the 19th century and the voice of the Establishment at the end of it.

This last shift was the result of the triumph of the class which invented fostered , and adopted as its own the romantic movement: the bourgeoisie.


http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/hum_303/romanticism.html


[In other words romanticism was a love movement usually drawn with lots of reds and oranges. The artist would have put passion into his or her works of art.]

Futurist

Futurism is a modern art movement founded in 1909 but fully took of around the first world war
. The aim of Futurism was to object to traditional conventionalism and to wage war against the art of the 19th Century. The 20th Centaury was a new time when people were starting to prosper, health and hygiene was getting more sophisticated and people were living longer. The world was changing but art wasn't. Futurism was about getting art to evolve and become more sophisticated and deviate from the ways of the traditional artists.
The modern art movement of Futurism involved major artists such as Filippo Marinetti, Giacomo Balla and Umberto Boccioni. These artists waged war with the art world in one of the most vivid and confronting modern art movements to ever take place.

This painting by Umberto-boccion 'Elasticity ' (1912) looks as if it is horse in motion,I personally think this painting has huge comparison to the cubism movement as it looks as if the painter took different paintings to make one.

Surrealism

Surrealism is a cultural movement and artistic style that was founded in 1924 by André Breton. Surrealism style uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of logical comprehensibility.
The movement was begun primarily in Europe, centered in Paris, and attracted many of the members of the Dada community. Influenced by the psychoanalytical work of Freud and Jung, there are similarities between the Surrealist movement and the Symbolist movement of the late 19th century.
Some of the greatest artists of the 20th century became involved in the Surrealist movement, and the group included Giorgio de Chirico, Man Ray, René Magritte, and many others.
The Surrealist movement eventually spread across the globe, and has influenced artistic endeavors from painting and sculpture to pop music and film directing.
The greatest known Surrealist artist is the world famous Salvador Dali.

http://www.surrealism.org/

Giorgio De Chirico

Gio was also a big name in the surrealism movement.

Like many of gioigio's paintings they include very plain rectangular buildings and random objects in the background that have nothing in common with the background at all. Making his work very destinctive.

Rene Magritte

Rene Magritte was one of biggest names in the surrealism movement he was most known for his sky’s, I think that’s what made his work stand out and original.
This painting called ‘personal Values’ shows a person’s bedroom and what looks like their personal most used things, this painting is a surreal painting as it has Rene’s famous sky and unreal sized objects placed randomly around the room.

Abstract Art

Abstract Art Is A Type Or Art That Makes No Effort To Produce A Human Figure Like The Normal Paintings Of Its Time.
In its purest form in Western art, an abstract art is one without a recognisable subject, one which doesn't relate to anything external or try to "look like" something. Instead the colour and form are the subject of the abstract painting. It's completely non-objective or non-representational.

"Of all the arts, abstract painting is the most difficult. It demands that you know how to draw well, that you have a heightened sensitivity for composition and for colours, and that you be a true poet. This last is essential." -- Wassily Kandinsky.
http://painting.about.com/od/abstractart/a/abstract_art.htm