Surrealism

Surrealism is a cultural movement and artistic style that was founded in 1924 by André Breton. Surrealism style uses visual imagery from the subconscious mind to create art without the intention of logical comprehensibility.
The movement was begun primarily in Europe, centered in Paris, and attracted many of the members of the Dada community. Influenced by the psychoanalytical work of Freud and Jung, there are similarities between the Surrealist movement and the Symbolist movement of the late 19th century.
Some of the greatest artists of the 20th century became involved in the Surrealist movement, and the group included Giorgio de Chirico, Man Ray, René Magritte, and many others.
The Surrealist movement eventually spread across the globe, and has influenced artistic endeavors from painting and sculpture to pop music and film directing.
The greatest known Surrealist artist is the world famous Salvador Dali.

http://www.surrealism.org/

Giorgio De Chirico

Gio was also a big name in the surrealism movement.

Like many of gioigio's paintings they include very plain rectangular buildings and random objects in the background that have nothing in common with the background at all. Making his work very destinctive.

Rene Magritte

Rene Magritte was one of biggest names in the surrealism movement he was most known for his sky’s, I think that’s what made his work stand out and original.
This painting called ‘personal Values’ shows a person’s bedroom and what looks like their personal most used things, this painting is a surreal painting as it has Rene’s famous sky and unreal sized objects placed randomly around the room.

Abstract Art

Abstract Art Is A Type Or Art That Makes No Effort To Produce A Human Figure Like The Normal Paintings Of Its Time.
In its purest form in Western art, an abstract art is one without a recognisable subject, one which doesn't relate to anything external or try to "look like" something. Instead the colour and form are the subject of the abstract painting. It's completely non-objective or non-representational.

"Of all the arts, abstract painting is the most difficult. It demands that you know how to draw well, that you have a heightened sensitivity for composition and for colours, and that you be a true poet. This last is essential." -- Wassily Kandinsky.
http://painting.about.com/od/abstractart/a/abstract_art.htm